The victory of the Great October Socialist Revolution was a powerful impulse for the development of the international working-class movement. The Bolshevik Party, which led the working masses of Russia to victory, had a decisive influence on the formation in many countries of the vanguard of the struggling proletariat - the communist parties. The Communists and all the progressive forces of many countries saw in the existence of the Land of Soviets an example of real socialism, the practical realization of the theory of Marxism-Leninism. That is why the international proletariat and the working people organically linked the struggle for their vital interests and rights with their actions against military intervention in Soviet Russia, for lifting the economic blockade, and for providing material and technical assistance to the Soviet country. In the first years of Soviet power, the internationalist and solidarity actions of the international proletariat were particularly pronounced in protest actions against the slander campaigns and provocations against our Motherland by international imperialism, and in the support of foreign workers in the 1920s for the restoration of the national economy and then the industrialization of the USSR.

The following leaflets, addresses of the Central Committee of the Communist Parties of Germany, Poland, the United States, and France, the Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, and the Komsomol of Poland (doc. NN 2-7) to the working class, peasantry, and youth of these countries on the occasion of the Great October Jubilee celebrations, as well as articles from the newspaper of participants in the Hamburg Uprising of 1923 (doc. No. 1) and from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of South Africa (doc. No. 8) attest to the international influence of the victorious socialist revolution, and show with what attention the foreign proletariat followed the construction of socialism in the U.S.S.R. and how delighted they were with our successes. The anniversaries of this revolution served as a means for the Communist parties and other progressive organizations abroad, as the published documents describe, to mobilize the masses to defend their daily demands, to strengthen the movement in support of the Soviet Union, and were an occasion for foreign revolutionaries to reflect and learn from the Russian experience in order to strengthen the revolutionary movement in their own countries.

The published materials are kept in the Central Museum of the Revolution (DEM) of the USSR, in the collection of documents on the history of the international movement, which was formed mainly in the 1920s-1930s as a result of receiving materials from the Executive Committee of the Comintern and from a number of mass organizations that were under its ideological leadership, as well as by direct transfer communist parties and leading figures of the international labor movement. The documents are arranged in chronological order. They were translated into Russian and prepared for publication by the museum's researchers L. G. Babichenko, O. A. Malykhina, and I. Y. Margulova.

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Editorial article on the significance of the Great October Socialist Revolution for the revolutionary movement in Germany, published in the newspaper of political prisoners - participants of the Hamburg armed Uprising ; in October 1923 (Fylsbüttel Fortress, Hamburg) 1 .

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TOWARDS NOVEMBER 7

Seven years have passed since the day when the Russian proletariat uprooted the foundations of the capitalist system. Seven years of the most difficult struggle, suffering, privation and disillusionment of the revolutionary proletariat. Proletarian Russia received more and more wounds. And yet! The Bolsheviks overcame all the difficulties, overcame them with selfless selflessness, risking their lives - the only thing that the proletariat can lose, except for their chains. The wheel of world history has fallen on the international proletariat. Millions have gone to the grave. Chained to their cars, tied to their guns, the proletarians were increasingly drowning in their own blood. Although they knew that war served only the desire for conquest on the part of those in power, they did not have the strength to break the chains that bound them to the chariot of war. These chains weren't just forged from iron and steel. No,the chains of trust in the old parties and trade unions, which served as a trigger for the imperialists inciting war, hung even more heavily.

Our Russian brothers were the first who, in defiance of the tsar's scorpions, managed to create a bulwark in the struggle against parasitic exploiters, so that under the leadership of the Bolsheviks they could deliver a fatal blow to the decaying bourgeoisie. Today, Soviet Russia feels stronger than ever. All capitalist states were gradually forced to recognize Soviet Russia, the state of workers and peasants. And today, seven years after the victorious uprising of the Russian proletariat, we appeal to our Russian brothers and the world proletariat: "We will win or die under the red banner on November 7, 1917!" Comrade! What does this "win or die" really mean for you, who suffer behind the walls of prison, having become a victim of the bourgeoisie in the revolutionary class struggle? What does this mean for the entire German proletariat?

REMEMBER THE NINTH OF NOVEMBER 1918!2

Unlike our great vanguard fighters, such as Lenin, who, without sparing their lives, turned the date of November 7, 1917, into the day of the liberation of the Russian people, German social - democracy, faithful to the treacherous tactics of the Mensheviks, knocked the results of the victory of November 9, 1918, out of the hands of the revolutionary proletariat of Germany. Perhaps these self-profiting people have forgotten the blood of the workers that was shed in the days of the German republic. They promised the working class socialization, an 8-hour working day, freedom of assembly, the press, and much more. But at the same time, they laid the foundation for a monarchy in a "republic" in the name of a clearly defined dictatorship of capital! Under the guise of" defending the republic " and in alliance with the bourgeois parties, they handed over the revolutionary proletariat to the fascist executioners. They helped the capitalists to make unprecedented profits, paved the way for the blackest reaction. With the help of the SPD, the White Justice Party put 3,7 thousand German revolutionaries behind the walls of the Ebert Republic prisons for a 1,000-year term. Only the troops of Noske 4 were shot 15 thousand proletarians. This degraded representative of the workers, for the sake of his own existence and on behalf of world imperialism, attacked struggling Soviet Russia from the rear.

And to whom, comrade, should you be grateful for the fact that you are now suffering behind prison walls in your homeland? To the betrayal of the SPD! The proletariat learns from the experience of the October battles in Hamburg how to resist the SPD. Workers, comrades, we appeal to you once again! Remember November 9, 1918! The red banner of November 7, fanned by battles and punctured by bullets, will lead us to a world revolution. Long live the dictatorship of the proletariat! Long live communism!

"Trotz alledem", N 9, 7.XI.1924. The original is in German. DEM of the USSR, a collection of documents on the history of the labor movement in Germany.

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N 2

Appeal of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Poland to the working people of the country on the occasion of the 8th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution

TO THE EIGHTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION

Comrades! Workers! Female employees! Peasants! Peasant girls!

November 7 marks the 8th anniversary of the time when Russian workers and peasants overthrew the power of the bourgeoisie, drove out its loyal servants and for the first time in world history took power into their own hands. They won, because in the bloody torments, under the yoke of tsarism, they learned to fight violence, they learned how to rally all the forces around them for the struggle. The year 1905: in the course of it, simultaneously with the bourgeois revolution, the proletarian revolution grew up like a young giant. 1905 consecrated the union of the worker and the peasant, aroused the emancipatory aspirations of the oppressed peoples, and created the organs of proletarian power, the Soviets of Workers ' Deputies. For the first time, the worker and peasant felt and understood their power. Neither the drowning in the blood of the first Russian Revolution, nor the orgy of white terror, nor the dark night of war could shake it. The Bolshevik Party, the leader of the proletarian revolution, who grew up fighting the compromisers and was as strong as steel, stood firm and led the working people to victory with unflagging might. Under her leadership, workers, peasants and soldiers marched on November 7 in their last battle for peace, labor and bread, for land and the power of the Soviets. The first proletarian state became a reality. A year later, the war-weary peoples of Europe rose up to fight. The red flag flew over the palaces of kings and emperors. Councils met in Vienna and Berlin. But there was no iron Bolshevik party that would have led to the victory of the workers and peasants. With the help of its ministers and lackeys - the Scheidemanns, Gerzings, and Dashinskys - the bourgeoisie destroyed the leaders of the proletariat-Liebknecht, Rosa Luxemburg , and Tyszka. And that is why today the state of the tsars is ruled by the victorious worker and peasant, and the Germans by the victorious Peasants. Austrians, Czechs, and Poles are agents of the British and American capitalists.

Workers and peasants! For 8 years, the government of the dictatorship of the proletariat and the bourgeois states have been straining every effort to restore the economy, ensure their security and strengthen their power. And what did it turn out to be? The Union of Soviet Republics overcame by its own efforts the enormous difficulties caused by the war and the counter-revolution, organized a solid currency system, restored factories and mines, provided the countryside with grain, machinery and goods, and at the same time further facilitated the life of the working masses by increasing their wages, introduced the 8-to 6-hour working day, and ensured the security of the proletarian states. Today, the industry of the USSR has already reached the pre-war level and in a few years of peaceful labor will create such power that no one can shake it.

The situation is different in the world of capitalism, which was saved by the social compromisers: it is shaken by the economic crisis and terrible unemployment. Even today, the glow of war is burning in the colonies, white terror and oppression of peoples are raging in order to suppress any manifestation of resistance on the part of the working masses. Attempts to restore the economy in capitalist countries fall heavily on the backs of workers and peasants, who must not only feed their own capitalist hyenas, but also pay tribute to foreign bankers. But despite all the efforts, lawlessness and violence, on the threshold of every capitalist state, on the threshold of Poland, there is the specter of bankruptcy and ruin.

Therefore, the growing power of the Union of Soviet Republics is increasingly attracting the attention of workers and peasants all over the world. Therefore, among the peoples of the East and the population of the colonies, the desire to fight against the imperialist oppressors is awakening. Therefore, the U.S.S.R. is increasingly becoming the epicenter of the struggle between the bourgeoisie and the working class in the capitalist world. For the same reason, the propertied classes, hoping that today they will be able to extinguish this hotbed of revolution, are again trying to create an anti-Soviet bloc under the leadership of the most powerful of the colonial powers in England. The Locarno 7 pact is an attempt to create such a block. Today, on the 8th anniversary of the October Revolution, the Union of Soviet Republics is once again in danger.

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Workers and peasants! Anyone who does not want to be a weak - willed victim of the mad offensive of capitalism, reaction and war, who does not want to become a slave of Anglo-American capital, must stand up for the Union of Soviet Republics, must thwart every attempt to attack the imperialist cliques. We must break down the wall that the bourgeoisie uses to protect us from the Soviet Union, the wall that allows it to spread shameless, brazen lies about the USSR with impunity. We must demand that the trade unions and workers ' organizations send delegations to the U.S.S.R. We must elect our own delegates from the factories and mines. We must rally around the Anglo-Soviet Committee for International Trade Union Solidarity, 8 which is forging a fraternal alliance between the workers and peasants of the entire capitalist world and the U.S.S.R. But it is not enough just to defend the USSR. In order to improve our lives, free ourselves from the danger of war and stop being slaves to the imperialists of the West, we must follow the heroic example of the workers and peasants of the USSR - make a revolution.

The Polish working class already had its 1905 year. Shoulder to shoulder with the Russian proletariat, we rose up to fight at that time. Together with him, we were defeated. But when the second and victorious revolution broke out in Russia against tsarism in 1917, it was betrayed and destroyed in our country a year later, as in Germany and Austria, by social-compromisism, and it was killed by the PPS. However, despite the slander and persecution, despite the orgy of white terror, the Polish working class will not allow itself to be shackled for a long time. The armed uprising in Cracow, 9 which for the first time united workers and soldiers in the revolutionary ranks in fraternal ties, was the first attempt to break the shackles of capital and was a harbinger of the coming battles of liberation. The working class of Poland had already had its 1905, but it had not yet had its October. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare for the last battle and learn how to fight and win, using the example of the Soviet October.

Down with the imperialist war! Down with the anti-Soviet bloc! Down with the bourgeoisie and the compromisers! Long live the social revolution! Long live the Union of Soviet Republics! Long live the Polish Republic of Soviets!

Central Committee of the Communist Party of Poland. Warsaw, November 6, 1925.

DEM of the USSR, Main Inventory Book (GIK) N 29780/67, L-74, 4-Zz. The original version is in Polish.

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Manifesto of the Central Executive Committee of the Workers ' (Communist) Party of the USA on the occasion of the 8th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution

DEFEND THE WORKERS ' GOVERNMENT OF SOVIET RUSSIA!

Eight years ago, on November 7, 1917, the workers and peasants of Russia abolished the rule of the exploiters, established the power of the workers, and formed the Soviet Government. For 8 years, the workers and peasants of Russia defended their power, their right to eliminate capitalist exploitation. They fought for the establishment of a new system in which the product of their labor would serve to raise the standard of living of the entire people, and not enrich a few capitalists and landowners. In order to defend their workers 'and peasants' government, the working people of Russia had to fight an army of tsarist generals who wanted to restore the autocratic power of violence in Russia; they had to fight the imperialist states of Britain, France, and the United States, who wanted to destroy Soviet Russia, realizing that the establishment of working people's power in Russia could find an example in their The workers and peasants of Russia fought against the Social Revolutionaries, who spied against Soviet Russia and participated in rebellions. The working people of Russia have survived the economic blockade that capitalism tried to use to strangle the Land of the Soviets; they have endured the famine and devastation caused by the counter-revolution and the imperialist enemies. Despite all this, the Soviet state of workers and peasants overcame difficulties, defended its power in Russia and is building a society in which there will be no place for oppression and exploitation of workers.

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Achievements of the Republic of Belarus

While the standard of living of workers throughout capitalist Europe has declined since 1914, in Soviet Russia it has risen. Although the Communist Government faced great obstacles to improving the situation of the working people, it did so. Capitalist society has worsened the situation of the working class. The agents of capital who used their colors to fight the workers no longer exist in Russia. Judicial orders are issued there not against the workers, but against their enemies. Legal proceedings are not used to oppress workers; the law protects their rights. The police and the army in the U.S.S.R. stand guard over the interests of the working people. The police and the army in other countries protect the capitalists during the days of strikes and the intensification of the struggle. In Russian industry, there are no more capitalist entrepreneurs, no bosses who can hire or fire workers at will. Trade unions in Russia are legally entitled to protect the interests of workers. They draw up labor agreements and regulate the amount of wages. Local committees have their own representatives-workers on the boards of enterprises. The workers of Russia are not the slaves of the capitalists; they have won the full right to participate in all levels of production. The Soviet government stands on the side of workers in resolving labor conflicts, protects them from unemployment, provides both young and old people with opportunities for study, and creates conditions for free choice of life path. In this way, a new social order is being formed in which conditions are created for a better, happier life for the workers and in which there is no place for the poverty, misery, exploitation and oppression inherent in capitalism.

The threat to capitalism

The formation of the Soviet Union, created by the workers and peasants of Russia, is a blow to the very heart of the capitalist social system. The capitalists understand that the success of the Russian workers and peasants in building a new social system will be the death knell for capitalism. They know that the workers of the capitalist countries will follow the example of the workers of Russia: they will throw off their capitalist rulers and fight to improve their lives. The Soviet Union is the inspiration of all the oppressed peoples of the Earth. They find in the workers 'and peasants' government of Russia an ally and helper in their struggle for freedom. The peoples of China, India, Africa, and Morocco, inspired by the victory of the Soviet Union, begin to fight against the imperialist countries that plunder them. At the initiative of the trade unions of the USSR, work has begun to unite trade unions all over the world into one large international organization for the fight against capital. The capitalists see in this movement for the unification of trade unions a new danger and threat to capitalism. Since the Soviet Trade Union is the inspiration of all oppressed peoples in the struggle against imperialism, since the International Council of Trade Unions is being created on the initiative of the trade unions of Soviet Russia - a new weapon in the fight against capitalism, since there is an outstanding example of a workers ' government building a better life for the workers, international capitalism is once again trying to

A new attack on the Soviet Union

The ongoing negotiations between Britain, France and Germany to sign a "security pact" are an attempt to clear the way for an attack on the Soviet Union. If the Governments of these Powers are striving for anything, it is the security of capitalism, which they want to ensure by destroying the U.S.S.R. Loan agreements with the United States are an attempt to solve European problems in such a way as to open the way for unleashing a struggle against the USSR. With the help of the Dawes plan in Germany, loans and investments, American capitalists become exploiters of the workers of the whole world. American capitalism, not having perhaps-

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The company's ability to earn superprofits on its income from the sale of goods increases them by exporting capital. Thus, the interest of American capitalism in other countries increases. American capitalism is eager to protect its billions of investments from the danger of the rise of the revolutionary movement of the oppressed peoples, who are encouraged by the VERY existence of the Soviet Union. Therefore, American capitalism manifests itself as an implacable enemy of Soviet Russia. He refuses to recognize the USSR, does not miss a single opportunity not to make an attack on Russia. The expulsion of Saklatwala 10, a member of the Communist Party of Great Britain and a member of the British Parliament, from the United States and the threat of persecution of other communists - all this, taken together, is a sign of the approaching offensive against the Soviet Union.

An attack on the Soviet Union is an attack on all workers

An attack on the Soviet Union is an attack on all workers. The destruction of the Soviet Union by imperialist forces will mean the establishment of a reaction and an attempt to defeat the workers ' movement all over the world. The workers of the United States will be able to see that along with an attack on the Soviet Union, an attack on workers ' organizations will be launched, even stronger than in 1921-1922, when wages were reduced, working hours were extended, and many trade unions were banned. Capitalism, which is uncontrolled in the exploitation and oppression of colonial peoples, if it frees itself from the opposition of the Soviet Union, will create new hotbeds of war and unleash a world imperialist war. American capitalism will be free to use its investments in European industry as a means of reducing the wages of American workers and their standard of living, to which the slaves of the Dawes plan will have to agree.

Fight for the Soviet Union and the interests of the workers!

American workers must unite with workers in other countries to defend the Soviet Union and the interests of all workers. The cause of the workers and peasants of the Soviet Union is the cause of the workers of any country. Both are fighting against the same enemy, the capitalist. The same capitalist enemy who wants to destroy the U.S.S.R. seeks to further oppress and exploit the workers of the United States. Every workers ' organization must stand up for the Soviet Union. In every city, trade unions, cooperatives, workers ' organizations and their sister political organizations must send their delegates to the conference to unite in defense of the Soviet Union and the interests of the workers.

Create a united workers ' front in defense of the U.S.S.R. and the interests of the workers! Let us put an end to American imperialism and its plunder of the peoples of Mexico, South America, China and the Philippines! No to the Dawes plan and the enslavement of German and American workers! An end to American militarism and the sacrifice of workers ' lives to capitalist profits! United Workers ' Front - to fight for the interests of labor! Join the Workers ' Party for political struggle! Join the International Council of Trade Unions to fight against the capitalists! Unite to defend the Soviet Union! Take part in the celebration of the 8th anniversary of the Soviet Union! Recognize the Soviet Union! Be supporters of the workers 'and peasants' government of Russia! Forward to the workers 'and farmers' government of the United States!

Tsch. E. Rutenberg 11, General Secretary of the Central Executive Committee of the Workers ' (Communist) Party of America.

DEMR OF THE USSR, GIK N 18173/98, L-78, 4-Zz. Early November 1925. The original version is in English.

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Appeal of the Executive Committee of the Prague Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia to the workers of Prague to mark the 8th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution

1905- 1917- 1925

NOVEMBER-ANNIVERSARY OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

1905: 20 years ago, Russian workers under the leadership of the Bolsheviks for the first time in history began a powerful action against tsarism, the landlords and the bourgeoisie. This selfless performance was met with lead and fire, drowned in blood. And yet not in vain! The Russian proletariat awakened the international working class in 1905. The wave of revolution, amplified by the suffering and death of thousands of Russian workers, swept through Western Europe like a hurricane, awakening the oppressed and exploited.

The Czech worker was enthusiastic about the revolution in Russia. The wave of the Russian Revolution of 1905 set hundreds of thousands of Czech workers in motion. The flames of mass demonstrations raged in the streets of Prague, forcing the Austrian bourgeoisie to grant a number of freedoms through the introduction of universal suffrage. The Czech proletariat then realized the significance of the great struggle of the Russian workers and fought with them in a single system. The red star, stained with the blood of the Russian proletariat, led the Czech workers to the greatest success they achieved under Austrian rule.

November 1917 was a great revenge for the defeat of the Russian Revolution of 1905. The Russian proletariat, oppressed and exploited, has emerged from the walls of capitalist factories, from the trenches of imperialist slaughter, and with the help of a revolutionary struggle that has reached a gigantic scale, has broken down the old bourgeois state apparatus, destroyed the class of landlords and capitalists in bloody battles, and is now building the first workers ' state in the world - the state of the dictatorship of the proletariat. All the machinations of the world bourgeoisie directed against it are doomed to failure. In vain did the American, British, and French bankers spend their billions to suppress the Russian workers ' revolution. In vain they armed the armies of Kolchak, Denikin, Yudenich, Wrangel, and others. With blood and suffering, the Russian proletariat won its great victory and created a solid and powerful workers ' state of one hundred million people. The last words of hundreds of thousands of Russian workers who died for the cause of the liberation of the working people of the whole world, and the red banner which they raised and now proudly waved over the wreckage of the tsarist throne and the bourgeois system, broke open the fronts of the imperialist slaughter, roused the proletariat of other countries to revolutionary battles, and fell with menacing and unstoppable force The Russian Proletarian Revolution is triumphant in spite of everything. In spite of everything, the first socialist state is being created on the ruins of tsarism. No matter what, it becomes the most powerful force, the mainstay of all the exploited in the world!

The Czech worker, especially today, must realize for himself the significance of the Russian revolution! The Czech worker must decide on the existence of a coalition government in the upcoming elections. It must resolve the question of the existence of a government that has betrayed all the promises made to the workers: twice voted against the socialization law proposed by the Communists; suppressed all strikes and demonstrations of the working class and sent gendarmes to protect the sacred private property of the capitalists; reduced the wages of civil servants and threw 40,000 of them on the streets, allocating 250 million in support of failed banks; by introducing agricultural duties, it increased the cost of living, increased the income of landlords, and worsened the poverty of the workers. The government became a servant of international capital, establishing friendly relations with the regimes of Horthy, Tsankov, and Mussolini, but did not recognize the power of the Russian workers. In class battles, it shot more than 50 workers. This government covers up the corruption of the bourgeoisie, allocates 27% to the unemployed.

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million crowns, and 68 million crowns - to the churchmen to stupefy the consciousness of the working masses. This government, persecuting all honest fighters for the emancipation of the working class, issued more than 5 thousand sentences to Communists. The government raised taxes on the poor and reduced them for capitalists and bankers. This is a government that has always been a government of capitalists and bankers, and has always opposed the working class and all the exploited.

Czech workers, be aware of these facts! Do you intend to go together with the Russian workers, with the exploited of the whole world, or with the capitalists, with the oppressors and masters? Workers! Think of the great sacrifices made by the Russian proletariat! Remember the unfulfilled promises of the coalition! Everyone come out on Sunday, November 8, for a demonstration that will take place on Wenceslas Square at 10.30 am. Protest against the coalition! Fight to meet your work requirements! Honor the memory of the heroic fighters of the Russian Revolution! Down with the coalition! For proletarian demands! For Soviet Russia!

Executive Committee of the regional organization of the HR Committee of the 1st district.

DEM OF THE USSR, GIK N 18030 / 17v, L-85. 4-Zz. Early November 1925. The original version is in Czech.

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Address of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth Union of Poland to the youth of the country on the occasion of the 9th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution

LONG LIVE THE REVOLUTION IN RUSSIA!

(To the workers 'and peasants' youth)

November 7 marks the 9th anniversary of the day when workers and peasants took power in Russia in 1917 under the leadership of the Communist Party. The Russian proletariat, leading the vast masses of the peasantry and in alliance with them, went for 9 years from victory to victory. The iron hand of the dictatorship destroyed the counter-revolutionary detachments of its own and foreign bourgeoisie. It forced the bourgeoisie of the whole world to reckon with the workers ' government. It helped to survive the ordeal of famine, economic devastation, the war unleashed by the imperialists, and internal counter-revolutionary actions. Today the working masses of the U.S.S.R. are winning ever new victories on the economic front - on the road to socialism.

The situation of the workers and peasants is improving day by day. The real wages of workers in certain industries have already reached pre-war levels. The Russian Revolution, by placing the land at the disposal of the peasants, provided the peasant masses with such prosperity as they did not know before the war. The working youth of the Soviet Union, under the leadership of the Communist Party and the Russian Communist Youth Union, acquired a number of political, economic and cultural privileges as a result of the accomplished revolution. The working day for underage youth is now 6, and in some cases - 5 - 4 hours. Young people are fully insured against injury or illness and against unemployment. It is a full member of all political, trade union and educational organizations in the USSR and takes an active part in the construction of socialism. The level of literacy is constantly growing both among young people and among all citizens of the USSR. All this is the result of nine years of labor of the workers and peasants of the USSR.

However, the consolidation of Soviet power and its victories do not give the bourgeoisie any peace. It is afraid that the proletariat of the capitalist states will follow the example of the Russian comrades and achieve power by revolutionary means. International capital therefore vowed to destroy the first proletarian State. In Poland, the entire bourgeois camp, together with Vyzvolena 12 , the PPS, and the Bund, deliberately spreads slander against the U.S.S.R. in order to arouse hatred of the U.S.S.R. among the working people of Poland.

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Soviet authorities. At the same time, the fascist government of Pilsudski, in which the social fascist Morachevsky sits next to the monarchist landowner Meishtovich, is preparing for a new war against the USSR. The beginning of this war may be the seizure of Lithuania. Such are the plans of Polish fascism, which fulfills the will of its master, the British bourgeoisie.

Working youth of Poland! The workers and peasants of Russia have shown us the way to victory over the bourgeoisie. Only by following this path will the working class and the working youth of Poland be able to throw off the yoke of capitalist exploitation once and for all. As we fight for Soviet power in Poland, we must at the same time remember that we are responsible for the fate of the revolution in Russia. The U.S.S.R. is the true Fatherland of the workers and peasants of the whole world, and it is the champion of the merciless struggle for the emancipation of the working people of all countries. Any attempt by the international bourgeoisie, including the Polish bourgeoisie, to provoke a war against the U.S.S.R. directly or by seizing Lithuania must meet with a decisive rebuff on our part.

Soldiers! The Communist Youth Union in Poland appeals to you. If the bourgeois government of Poland orders you young workers and peasants to turn your bayonets against the workers and peasants, turn them against those who gave this order! War to war: this is our response to all the military provocations of the Pilsudski government.

Comrades! Enough of the slander about the Soviet Union that the bourgeois and social-chauvinist press feeds us! The working youth of Poland, following the example of the youth of Germany, France, Italy and other countries, should see with their own eyes how the working youth of the U.S.S.R. lives, fights and works, how they study and participate in the construction of socialism. We must see how the Russian proletariat builds its state, how it manages it, and what results it has achieved. We want to know the truth about the USSR! We want to see this truth! Stop denigrating, denigrating, and slandering the workers 'and peasants' government!

The Communist Youth Union of Poland appeals to you, young workers and peasants: choose and send youth delegations to the USSR! Long live the USSR! War to war! Down with military provocations against Lithuania and the USSR! Long live the social revolution in Poland! Long live the KPP and the Communist Youth Union of Poland]

Warsaw, November 1926. Central Committee of the Communist Youth Union of Poland.

DEMR OF THE USSR, GIK N 29780/70, L-74, 4-Zz. The original version is in Polish.

N 6

Appeal of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Germany to the working people of the country

Men and women, representatives of the working people! On November 7, workers of all countries, workers of the whole planet celebrate the Victory Day. The state of the proletariat, the Soviet government, has existed in the East for 10 years. For ten years the workers and peasants have been masters of their own country. They have driven out the landlords and capitalists, they have defeated and driven out the mercenaries of the imperialist Powers, they are building a new, socialist society. From the borders of Poland to the shores of the Pacific Ocean, the victorious banner of the proletarian revolution waves over one-sixth of the land and proclaims that a new era has begun, the era of the world socialist revolution, and that the cruel, barbaric era of capitalism at the stage of imperialism is doomed to perish.

On November 9, 1918, the Wilhelm Kaiser state was defeated on the battlefields. Under the leadership of the revolutionary minority, the working masses of Germany rose up, formed workers 'and soldiers' Soviets, and were ready to follow the example of the Russian working class. But the Kaiser's Socialists, the preachers-

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The nicknames of the "stand up to the end" policy, such as Ebert, Scheidemann and Noske, in alliance with the Kaiser's officers Hindenburg and Trainer, 15 by bloody massacres suppressed the vanguard of the working class, villainously killed the best leaders of the German proletariat, Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg, as well as tens of thousands of Spartacist fighters. A bourgeois republic was built on the corpses of the revolutionary proletariat, in which the SPD leaders promised to lead the German people on the path of democracy and socialism to peace among peoples, prosperity and freedom.

The dictatorship of the proletariat has existed in Russia for 10 years, and bourgeois democracy in Germany for 9 years. This is enough time to take stock, weigh and decide who went the right way: the Russian proletariat, which followed Lenin's party, the Bolsheviks and concentrated all power in its own hands, expropriated and nationalized the land, banks and trusts, put all production under the control of the working people, inflicted a final defeat on the bourgeoisie and the Bolsheviks. its agents and, relying on the solidarity of the workers of all countries, followed the path of the proletarian dictatorship to socialism? Or did the working class of Germany and the rest of Europe follow the reformists, enter into a coalition with the "democratic bourgeoisie", leave the management of production in the hands of the capitalists, help them restore the capitalist economy and promote the preservation of peace through alliances between imperialist states?

Check it out and compare it! In the Soviet Union, the Proletarian Party of Lenin is at the head of the State, and through decades of revolutionary struggle it has won the confidence of the masses. Thousands and millions of working people, workers and peasants, participate in the management of the economy and in the administration of the country. Red directors from the working class are appointed to factories and trusts; production is carried out under the control of the workers ' bodies. The sons of workers and peasants are commanders of the Red Army. In all State bodies, from the Village Soviet to the Central Executive Committee, all questions are decided only by representatives of the working-class and peasant masses, only by men and women from among the working people. The monarchist and capitalist counter-revolution is scattered to the winds. She intrigues abroad, and when she tries to intrigue at home through espionage and conspiracy, she gets smashed with an iron fist!

And in Germany? Here the bloc of the bourgeoisie, the bloc of capitalists and junkers rules. It is headed by the Kaiser's general. The military, the police, the bureaucracy - all the instruments of state power are firmly held in their hands by the reactionaries who inspire confidence in capital, the worst enemies of the workers. The situation is the same in the German lands: the same rule of the bloc of the bourgeoisie even in the conditions of coalition governments. Fascists, murderers of workers, not only walk free: they occupy high positions and live at the expense of poor taxpayers. And the advanced fighters of the working class suffer in prisons.

In the Soviet Union, the 8-hour working day is an immutable law, and the All-Russian Central Executive Committee adopted a resolution on the transition to the 7-hour working day, which will be implemented as a result of socialist rationalization. Real wages, after the severe economic devastation caused by the intervention and civil war, reached peacetime levels, and in many industries significantly exceeded it. In recent years alone, wages have increased by 8%. The palaces of the rich were transformed into resting places for sick workers and peasants, homes for the children of working people, workers ' clubs and people's homes. Any increase in the growth of output, any technical progress, is beneficial to the masses of the working population.

In Germany, the 8-hour working day, one of the few achievements of the November Revolution, was hijacked by Ebert's declaration of a state of emergency and the Powers Act of 1923. As a rule, the 10-to 12-hour working day was established thanks to the law on working hours adopted by the bourgeois bloc. With an extended working day, capitalist rationalization introduced a murderous accelerated pace. Because of usury, cartel and trust policies, duties, taxes, and rent increases, the cost of living increases in such a way that real earnings are constantly decreasing: their average level, despite the very increased output, is equal to the earnings of pre-war times. Where workers rise up to fight for the betterment of their own society.

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They are opposed by the organs of the bourgeois republic, which seek to silence the trade unions by means of arbitral awards, declarations of commitment, and bans on strikes. While millions of people wear miserable rags and live crowded as in pens, the exploiters and oppressors of the people live in palaces, castles and villas.

In the Soviet Union, the landlords ' lands are divided among the working peasants. The workers ' state supports small and medium-sized peasants by helping them form comradeships and cooperatives, reducing taxes and providing cheap means of production. Political and cultural education covers the most remote villages. Women are fully equal with men socially and politically. Mothers and children are under the special protection of the proletarian State.

In Germany, the working people of cities and villages are under the yoke of usurious prices and taxes. Women's equality remains only on paper. Capitalism and reactionary legislation make it a slave of the household and deprive it of the right to dispose of its own body. Priests, who in a socialist state are deprived of the right to vote and do not receive a single pfennig from public funds, in Germany received millions of valuables through the concordat. According to the law on education, schools must be completely transferred to their disposal.

In Germany, exploitation is becoming more acute in all directions, oppression is growing stronger, and reaction is advancing; in the Soviet Union, the welfare of the masses is increasing in all directions, the workers are becoming more independent in managing the economy and the state, and there is a rapid, powerful, and unstoppable upsurge. This is the result of 10 years of proletarian and 9 years of bourgeois democracy.

But the Russian working class fought, suffered, and labored not only for its own liberation. Its struggle for the liberation and construction of socialism is part of the international liberation movement of the proletariat. This example serves as a powerful stimulus for the labor movement in all countries. The exercise in the Soviet Union of the right to self-determination of peoples, their victory over world imperialism, is the strongest lever in the struggle for the liberation of oppressed peoples all over the world.

The Russian Revolution is and will remain the forerunner and pioneer of the world revolution!

That is why the capitalists of all countries see the first state of the workers as their mortal enemy. That is why reactionaries and reformists slander the only proletarian State. That is why the imperialist States, led by Britain, are arming themselves for a war aimed at destroying the Soviet Union. That is why all class-conscious workers, all working people, must fight against the imperialist war, against capitalist reaction, and on this 10th anniversary they must rally around the Soviet Union, demonstrate fraternal solidarity and resolute readiness for the unconditional defense of the fatherland of all working people.

Imperialist Germany and its bourgeois bloc government, bound by the Locarno Pact and the League of Nations, and striving to participate in the predatory campaign of the imperialist predators for prey, inevitably find themselves in the camp of the enemies of the Soviet Union. Even now, the bourgeoisie, together with its SPD collaborators, is stirring up militaristic sentiments by means of new anti-Bolshevik harassment. The same government that leads the offensive of capital against the workers, raises the price of bread, raises the rent, gives schools to the church, and suppresses the workers 'movement is preparing a war against the workers' state, which, despite all its provocations, is steadily striving for peace.

The working people of Germany, therefore, take part with us on November 6 and 7 in the celebration of the victory of the proletarian revolution, in the celebration of fraternity with the victorious working class of the Soviet Union; go out to demonstrate the struggle against the bloc of the bourgeoisie, against the war plans of world imperialism. Take to the streets with red banners! Take part with the Communists in demonstrations under the slogans: in defense of the Soviet Union! Against the imperialist offensive! For sver-

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the government of famine and war, the government of the bourgeois bloc! For the Russian path to the creation of a workers 'and peasants' government and the realization of socialism! For socialist, workers ' Germany, which is carrying out a voluntary alliance with the U.S.S.R.!

Central Committee of the Communist Party of Germany (section of the Communist International).

DEMR OF THE USSR, GIK 19588/296, L-44, 4-Zz. October 1927. The original is in German.

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Appeal of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of France to the "working people of the country" in connection with the 10th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution

10TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION TO THE WORKERS OF FACTORIES AND FIELDS!

Lessons of the October Revolution

10 years ago, the Russian proletariat overthrew the bourgeoisie and took power into its own hands. This victory marked the beginning of a new historical era: the era of the decline and elimination of capitalism and its replacement by socialism. These 10 years of workers 'and peasants' rule are full of lessons for the French working class. The Russian proletariat in 1917 showed that the working class can overthrow the bourgeoisie and take power into its own hands... The experience of the Russian proletariat shows that an armed uprising of workers and soldiers can destroy the machine of the capitalist state and create a new state - the state of the dictatorship of the proletariat. The transition from capitalism to socialism is not simply a peaceful natural evolution, but a persistent, uncompromising struggle of the proletariat and its allies, the peasants and oppressed peoples, against the exploiting class.

Necessity of the state of the dictatorship of the proletariat

The capitalist class sought by all means to overthrow the power of the proletariat. The proletariat had to hold a front against the encroachments of the capitalist states, which organized armed intervention against the revolution and the blockade of Russia, supported the white counter-revolutionary armies, organized attempts, sabotage and armed struggle within the country, and supported all attempts by social Democrats and anarchists aimed at weakening, disorganizing and overthrowing the Soviet government. The necessity of defending the revolution from capitalism demands a ruthless dictatorship of the proletarian state against all enemies, the organization of a revolutionary militia and a strong Red Army. The experience of the Russian proletariat refutes anarchist theories about the possibility of abolishing the state immediately after the victory of the revolution. Only after this necessary stage of the dictatorship of the proletariat has been passed will society be able to move towards the abolition of the State.

Building Socialism

The worst of the soothsayers of social democracy predicted the inevitable fall of a regime won by revolutionary means and defended by the dictatorship of the proletariat. The new economic Policy (nep), which gives relative freedom to private capital in the areas of production and exchange, was interpreted by reformists as a return to capitalism. 10 years of the dictatorship of the proletariat completely expose this theory. It is precisely the energetic struggle of the proletarian government against all its wrongs-

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the State Duma secured victory in the civil war, which allowed us to start building socialism. Every year of the past decade has been marked by a huge and constant progress of socialized industry and trade. The reduction of private capital in industry and wholesale trade, where it now forms only a small part, as well as in other areas of economic activity, is the most brilliant demonstration of the movement towards socialism.

What has been done for the working class

The standard of living of the working class of the USSR was constantly rising. Wages were raised, social insurance was established, and the 8-hour working day was introduced immediately after the October Revolution. On the eve of its 10th anniversary, the Soviet Government declares that a gradual transition to a 7-hour working day will be implemented starting in 1928. Raising the cultural level of workers was ensured by the creation of clubs, cultural parks, reading rooms, the development of radio and cinema. The improvement of the healthcare system is provided by free medical care, organization of rest homes and sanatoriums, provision of paid vacations, organization of excursion services, and development of sports.

The leading role of the proletariat

Socialist industry ensures the active participation of workers in the management of production; trade unions play a crucial role in this process. The Soviets are implementing genuine proletarian democracy. More and more layers of working people are being drawn into the management of the State. Equality of men and women is being implemented in practice. Women take an active part in political life. All workers enjoy political freedoms.

Union of Workers and Peasants

The dictatorship of the proletariat is based on a close alliance of workers and peasants. As a result of the October Revolution, the land was nationalized and transferred to the peasants. The proletarian State strives to eliminate illiteracy. Reading huts have been created in the village, and radio is being distributed. In the former estates of landlords, theaters and peasant houses are arranged. The proletarian State creates Soviet farms in order to train the peasants in new economic methods; it electrifies the countryside. Through the organization of agricultural cooperatives and extensive propaganda, the state seeks to introduce machines into agriculture.

The Communist Party is a proven leader of the working people

The success of the 10 years of power of the workers and peasants is ensured by the experienced leadership of the Party of the Proletariat, the Communist Party. Only by strictly observing internal discipline was she able to solve the tasks assigned to her. The Party would not have been able to achieve this if it had not fought in its own ranks against the social-democratic ideology and all the deviations that tended to lead away from the intended path. Even now, it has to take decisive action against the opposition bloc, which seeks to undermine this discipline and encroach on the unity of the party, which is more necessary than ever to protect and develop the gains of the revolution. The bourgeoisie and social-democracy support the Russian opposition, with which they pin their hopes of weakening the workers 'and peasants' power. The French Communist Party condemns the opposition's policies and approves the latest sanctions imposed on Trotsky, Zinoviev and their supporters. The French workers will not allow themselves to be drawn into the campaign of the enemies of the revolution. They will be on the side of the Bolshevik Party, against those who are trying to disorganize it.

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The Union of Soviet Republics is the true homeland of the world proletariat

Only people who are unconscious or deceived by the bourgeoisie do not distinguish between the Soviet Union and other states. In doing so, they ignore the support that all the liberation movements of the working and colonial peoples find in the U.S.S.R. The Russian working class has provided financial assistance to the British miners [16] and supports the French workers in their repeated protests against the exploiters. The consolidation of the Soviet State and the development of socialism enable the Russian proletariat to render ever more solid support to the proletariat of other countries. Thus, the interests of the proletarian State are the interests of the international working class, whose true homeland is the Soviet Union. Its banner is the red banner of the international proletariat.

The Union of Soviet Republics - a bulwark of peace

The October Revolution of 1917 was born with the slogan " Down with the imperialist war and long live the war against the bourgeoisie!" Despite the aggressive actions of German imperialism, it was the Soviet Union that brought an end to the bloodshed of the Russian and German proletariat. The Soviet Union repeatedly made proposals for disarmament. Despite numerous and brazen military provocations on the part of the imperialists, the Soviet Government did not deviate from its peaceful policy.

Capitalist states seek to destroy the USSR

...The existence of the U.S.S.R., its consolidation and its success in building socialism are a living example for the world proletariat and the colonial peoples. By supporting the struggle of the peoples of the colonies, the U.S.S.R. hinders the unrestrained exploitation of them by the capitalist States. It provokes the anger of those who increase repression against the working class. The imperialist states seek to weaken and destroy the U.S.S.R. They are trying to organize an economic, financial, and political blockade against the U.S.S.R.; they are preparing a war against the U.S.S.R. in order to slow down the construction of socialism.

Defend the USSR from all enemies!

Dozens of your comrades, workers and peasants, socialists, trade union members, and non-party members are in Russia on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the October Revolution .17 Their stay in the USSR will help strengthen the ties that unite Russian and French workers. On their return, the delegates will tell you about what they saw, about the activities of the proletariat in power, and about the need to defend the Soviet Union from the encroachments of international capitalism. Come listen to their speeches, take part in mass demonstrations organized on the occasion of the 10th anniversary. You, whose conditions of existence are being attacked by the bourgeoisie and whose wages are being reduced while you suffer from unemployment, taxes and the high cost of living; you, whose protests are met with brutal repression, as a result of which the prisons are overflowing with workers, soldiers and sailors - must demonstrate your readiness to defend the Soviet Union as your homeland! It should be stated to the country's rulers that if they dare to start a war against the USSR, the example of the glorious sailors who rebelled on the Black Sea will be repeated .18 Just as they did then, the soldiers and sailors who will now be sent against the workers 'and peasants' government will refuse to turn their weapons against it and turn them against the French imperialists!

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Workers, peasants! Your Russian brothers have shown you the way to liberation. On the 10th anniversary of the October Revolution, demonstrate your will to follow their example by rallying around the Communist Party to prepare for the overthrow. the bourgeoisie and the creation of a workers 'and peasants' government! Long live the 10th anniversary! Long live the Russian Revolution! Long live the world revolution!

The Communist Party.

"L'Humanite". 30.X.1927. The original is in French.

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Article from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of South Africa on the occasion of the 11th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution 19

MARCH OF THE PROLETARIAT

On November 7, 1917, the workers, soldiers, and peasants of Russia overthrew the hated power of the capitalists, landowners, officials, priests, and their lackeys. 11 years have passed since then, and today we, the workers of South Africa, welcome the achievements of our brothers and sisters in the Soviet Union.

The capitalists hoped that the victory of the workers and peasants would be short-lived; they believed that Soviet power could last no more than a month. However, months turned into years, and today the Soviet state not only exists, but has become stronger than any other state in the world. Capitalists all over the world, using various forms of struggle - intervention, counter-revolutionary actions, armed raids, blockades, sabotage, and slander-have not been able to defeat the workers of Russia. They cannot be defeated and cannot be destroyed, for they represent progress.

We in South Africa must not think that the Russian workers won their freedom easily. We should turn to history and remember the first ascetics who, not caring about their own health, left their families and went to the people to teach people. They tried to gain the trust of the people, renounced the lifestyle of their bourgeois class, and lived like those they wanted to educate. The land of Russia was soaked with the blood of thousands of martyrs who bravely went to their deaths for their beliefs. The snowy expanses of Siberia, the Shlisselburg and Peter and Paul fortresses can tell dark stories about the suffering and torture, cases of insanity and the terrible circumstances of the death of the pioneers of freedom. To understand the ideas that inspired them to be extremely courageous and determined, you can turn to the works of Stepnyak 20 and others. But at the time, it seemed that the revolutionaries ' sacrifices were in vain. The mighty giant-the people were asleep. It seemed that all the sufferings and misfortunes of the first revolutionaries only strengthened the power of the aristocracy. However, the fighting spirit kept going down the thorny path of suffering. Time passed, various methods of struggle were used, and finally the people began to wake up from their slumber.

The first attempt at mass action was made in 1905. This heroic struggle went down in world history. But the tyrant was too strong compared to the power of the working class. The workers began a heroic demonstration, which was brutally suppressed by the tsar's assassins. It was a dress rehearsal for the actual performance of 1917. The experience of the defeat in 1905 helped the workers to understand the mistakes that were avoided 12 years later.

The Soviet people are a beacon that lights the way for all oppressed and humiliated peoples in this dark world. The star in the East burns and points the way. African workers, will you follow this path? In our land of cruelty, injustice, and brutality, the power of the ruling class seems solid. Under the banner of democracy and with the help of the Labour Party, it is subjecting the indigenous working population to unspeakable humiliation. Not satisfied that the ruling class has taken the land from the working people and is exploiting their labor, it denies them the right to inherit. Tell abo-

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to Regan, being oppressed is already committing a crime. However, the Aboriginal enters the struggle for their rights. The ruling class of South Africa, like the ruling class of any country, is using every means to stifle the growing labor movement by force or deception. African workers, don't despair, your day will come. It doesn't matter that the ruling circles consider themselves strong. They can't turn back the clock. Their strength is in your weakness; change that and you will win. Unite and stand up for the demand: one person , one vote; defend your unquestionable rights to freedom from imperialist domination, from capitalist exploitation and racial discrimination.

"The South African Worker", Special Supplement, 7.XI.1928.

DEMR OF THE USSR, GIK 30206/64, G-92, 4-11Y.

The original version is in English.

notes:

1 Special Issue No. 9 of the Political prisoners 'newspaper" No matter what!" it was printed illegally on a hectograph and was published on November 7, 1924. In it, in addition to the editorial, were placed: a poem by the Hungarian communist A. Komyat on the death of V. I. Lenin, a portrait of Lenin, slogans in connection with the 7th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution, excerpts from the works of Karl Marx and Fr. Engels on the Proletarian Revolution.

November 2-9, 1918-the day of the beginning of the November Revolution in Germany, when the monarchy was overthrown and the bourgeois-parliamentary republic was established.

3 Refers to the activities of the Government of the Weimar Republic, in which the leaders of the Social Democratic Party of Germany participated. One of the SPD chairmen-F. Ebert was President of the Weimar Republic from 1919 to 1925.

4 G. Noske is a member of the right wing of German social democracy. Under his command, the military forces brutally suppressed the actions of the revolutionary workers of Germany in 1918-1919.

5 F. Scheidemann is a member of the right wing of the SPD. After the overthrow of the monarchy in Germany, he was a member of the government, took measures against the further development of the revolution and was one of the inspirers of the anti-Soviet policy of the German government; O. Gersing-a figure of German social democracy, Imperial Commissar of Silesia, in 1920-1927-Ober-president of the state of Saxony, one of the founders and leaders of the Reichsbanner (paramilitary organization SPD), I. Daszynski - one of the leaders of the Polish Socialist Party (PPP), supported the policy of Yu. Pilsudski.

6 J. Tyszka (Leo Jogijes) - a prominent figure in the Polish and German workers ' movement, one of the founders of the KKE. After the murder of Karl Liebknecht and R. Luxemburg in January 1919, he led the KKE's struggle against reaction, was arrested in March 1919 and killed in prison.

7 This refers to the agreements between Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, England, Poland and Czechoslovakia drawn up at the Locarno Conference in October 1925. Under their cover, the Western Powers sought to create a united anti-Soviet front.

8 This refers to the activities of the Anglo - Russian Unity Committee, established in April 1925, which set itself the task of achieving unity in the international trade union movement through the joint efforts of the trade unions of the U.S.S.R. and the British trade unions, and of intensifying the struggle against the preparations for war and the offensive of capital against the working class. The right-wing leaders of the General Council of Trade Unions obstructed the committee's activities and in September 1927 achieved its liquidation.

9 Armed action of the workers of Krakow on November 6, 1923, caused by the shooting of participants in the rally on the square in front of the House of Trade Unions. The workers disarmed the police and part of the troops, repelled the attacks of the army units and captured the proletarian districts of the city. The PPP leaders, by concluding an agreement with the authorities and disarming the rebels, helped the bourgeoisie to suppress this protest.

10 Sh. Saklatwala was a member of the British labor movement, an Indian by birth, a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Great Britain, a member of Parliament from the CPV in 1922-1925; he visited the USSR several times.

11 C. E. Rutenberg - one of the founders and leaders of the Communist Party of the United States, an active participant in the protest movement against anti-Soviet intervention and in defense of

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Soviet Russia. Repeatedly persecuted, died in prison. According to Rutenberg's will, his ashes were transported to the USSR and buried in Moscow, on Red Square near the Kremlin Wall.

12 "Wyzbolene" - a Polish peasant party founded in 1915, in November 1918 it received the name "Polske stronnictwo Ludowe". In 1931, three peasant parties, including the PSL - "Vyzvolene", merged into the party "Stronnitsvo Ludove".

13 The Communist Party of Poland at that time characterized the authoritarian regime of Pilsudski as fascist. A. Meishtovich - Minister of Justice in the Pilsudski government in 1926-1928.

14 In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the Communist Party of Poland assessed right-wing social democracy as "social fascism". A. Morachevsky was a member of the right wing of the PPP, in 1918 - 1919-Prime Minister and Minister of Railways, in 1925-1929-Minister of Public Works. works. One of the founders and leaders of trade unions loyal to the Pilsudski government.

15 P. von Hindenburg-German military and statesman. During the November Revolution, he commanded the troops that dealt with the revolutionary actions of the working class. In 1925-1933 - President of the Weimar Republic; V. Groener-military leader of Germany, participated in the suppression of the revolutionary movement in the country, in 1920-1923-Minister of Railways, in 1928-1932-Minister of War.

16 This refers to the broad support in the U.S.S.R. for the general strike of the British proletariat and the strike of the British miners in May-November 1926. Of the total amount of 18,847 million rubles collected by the international working class for the solidarity fund with British miners, the workers of the USSR gave 11.5 million rubles (see Yu. A. Lvunin. The struggle of the Communist Party for strengthening the international ties of the working class of the USSR (1924-1928). Moscow, 1975, p. 86).

17 The French delegation at the celebration of the 10th anniversary of Great October included 146 people. Upon returning to their homeland, the members of the delegation initiated the creation of the" Society of Friends of the USSR", whose goal was to protect the USSR from imperialists, study its life and spread the truth about its achievements.

On April 18-15 - 27, 1919, a revolutionary performance of the sailors of the French squadron on the Black Sea took place with the demand to stop military intervention against Soviet Russia.

19 A special supplement to the South African Worker newspaper was devoted entirely to the 11th anniversary of Great October. In addition to the article published here, it included articles "Breath of Freedom" and "Achievements of the Revolution", texts of revolutionary songs, and photographs of Marx and Lenin.

20 S. M. Stepnyak (Kravchinsky) - revolutionary populist and writer.

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